1. Teeb liab kev ncaj ncees
Theem xauv lub voj (PLL, theem xauv lub voj), CDR ( moos thiab cov ntaub ntawv rov qab), 8B / 10B codec thiab lwm yam sib xyaw-cim qhia modules hauv lub transceiver yog tsim los nrog cov teeb liab analog, xws li voltage-tswj oscillator hauv PLL, thiab tseem muaj cov teeb liab Digital, xws li zaus faib cov zaus hauv PLLs, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv ib lub nti, muaj ob qho tib si analog thiab digital signals, uas yog nquag siv zog. synchronization suab nrov, hauv av bounce thiab teeb liab crosstalk. Thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntau dua ntawm cov transceivers txhais tau hais tias cov kab mob tsis zoo sib kis tuaj yeem ua rau txoj kev nyuaj dua, nrog rau cov xov tooj tooj liab hauv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg tsim kom muaj "cov nyhuv ntawm daim tawv nqaij," qhov twg high-frequency signals skim tus nto ntawm conductors, ua rau cov teeb liab attenuation.
2. Ntshai
Jitter yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws los ntsuas qhov robustness ntawm lub transceiver, vim hais tias lub jitter ncaj qha qhia txog qhov yuam kev me ntsis ntawm lub transceiver. Cov yam ntxwv uas cuam tshuam rau lub jitter muaj xws li kev teeb tsa ntawm lub zog thiab hauv av, calibration circuits, cov yam ntxwv ntawm pob, thiab lwm yam. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog lub moos ceev uas tsim los ntawm PLL. PLL tseem ceeb heev rau lub moos thiab cov ntaub ntawv rov qab (CDR). Lub PLL yog tsav los ntawm lub sij hawm siv input, yog li lub moos siv lub tswv yim yuav tsum tau ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm hluav taws xob nruj thiab jitter.
3. Equalization tshuab
Inter-cim cuam tshuam thiab ntau yam suab nrov cuam tshuam tsis muaj tshwm sim hauv cov ntaub ntawv xa mus rau hauv cov channel. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev kub ceev, nws cuam tshuam yuav pom tseeb dua. Yuav kom kov yeej qhov kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib kis thiab kev poob, ib qho kev sib npaug yog muab tso rau hauv lub transceiver system. Tom qab kev sib npaug sib npaug, cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev tuaj yeem raug kho thiab them nyiaj, thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov cim kev cuam tshuam tuaj yeem raug txo, kom hloov mus rau qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov channel.
4. Kev siv tshuab ua ntej
Ntawm tus nqi gigabit, cov neeg tsim qauv tsis tuaj yeem ua kom yooj yim lub teeb liab los daws teeb meem poob, vim qhov no yuav ua rau muaj zog siv zog thiab ua rau lub qhov muag kaw. Nyob rau hauv layout, qhov kev siv ntawm lub zog reflected exhibits proximal discontinuities. Kev siv thev naus laus zis ua ntej tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov teeb liab kis tau los ntawm kev hais txog thawj cov ntaub ntawv cim tom qab ib qho kev hloov pauv ntawm lub teeb liab, tshem tawm lub hauv ntej-kawg overshoot thiab trailing-ntug smear ntawm impulse teb hauv cov channel.